Optical Fiber Communication [#981987]

Free Download Optical Fiber Communication
English | 2024 | ISBN: 1682518620 | 330 Pages | PDF (True) | 22 MB
Optical communications have been continuously developing over the past four decades and today they represent a mature industry. The capacity of such systems has been continuously increasing. Over the last three decades, the aggregate bit-rate of optical transmission systems based on single-mode fiber (SMF) has increased by a factor of four orders of magnitude by means of multiplexing techniques that use time, wavelength, and polarization as a degree of freedom to encode information. In addition to multiplexing, coherent transmission techniques also allow to increase the aggregate bit-rate of optical communications systems by exploiting both the phase and the amplitude of the light to carry information. As today's wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) coherent optical communication has already taken advantage of all degrees off freedom of a lightwave in a single-mode fiber, further multiplicative growth must explore new degrees of freedom that do not exist in SMFs. In this context, space-division multiplexing (SDM), including mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using multimode fibers (MMFs) or few-mode fibers (FMFs) and/or core multiplexing using multicore fibers (MCFs), has attracted a great deal of attention in the last few years.